Introduction

I. Weather

1. Light Rain - Add one to March Ability. Second day in a row treat as heavy rain.
2. Heavy Rain - Add 2 to March Ability. Fords impassable.
3. Showers - on 1d6: 1-2 - No effect; 3-4 - treat as light rain; 5-6 - treat as heavy rain.
4. Hot - 2d6% of force are stragglers if unit marching. On second and subsequent days add one to March Ability.
5. Cold - 1d6% of force becomes casualties if marching.
6. Any rain for four or more days in a row - treat all movement as night march. All fords are impassable. Roads improve to normal after two days of no rain. Fords become passable after three days of no rain.
   

II. The Map

When a contact occurs on the campaign map you have two options. One is to use actual terrain from topographic maps or the like to create the battlefield terrain. The other option is to use the section in this site on generating random terrain . If the random terrain is used, a sepecate campaign map showing the terrain already generated should be kept in case another battle is fought on the same ground.

Each hex on the map represents a four mile by four mile area, or sixteen square miles. There are a number of general terrain types and features on the map:

• Clear - Open land, farms, orchards, some woods, many obscure roads and trails
• Small Mountains - Rugged terrain. Hilly and heavily wooded. Few farms or roads.
• Mountains - Impassible.
• Pass - A narrow roadway through otherwise very difficult terrain.
• City - Major (for the time) metropolitan area.
• Town - Smaller groups of homes and commercial establishments.
• Major river - Impassible except at bridges or fords. Major rivers are navagatable to naval vessels to Harrisburg, Baltimore, Washington, Fredericksburg, Richmond, and Petersburg. Small river craft can use any part of these rivers.
• Minor river - Significant streams. These are generally fordable to at least infantry in many places not marked on the map.
• Ford - A shallow area that allows crossing rivers by all types of units. They may be impassible following periods of rain.
• Railroad - These can be used for rail movement. You will need to notify the players of what lines are open for each side (for example, rail line between Culpepper and Washington needs to be broken into a north and south portion). Telegraph lines only exist on rail lines and on the one most direct road from a rail line to a city or town not connected by a rail line.
• Minor road - Generally dirt or sand. Narrow and potentially muddy.
• Major road - Generally well maintained and surfaced. Not influenced by weather.
• Wilderness - While not noted on the map, wilderness areas may be noted where desired. These are fairly level areas that are covered by forest and have few roads.

Each hex has an iintrinsic food value - the amount of food and forage that can be gathered by the troops in the field in that area. If the unit spends time collecting this food they may restock their supply wagons, or sometime "live off the land." They may also destroy the food value to deny it to the enemy. The moderator may want to keep track of the food used up in each hex. This can be a bookkeeping headache, but it is fairly simply if a separate map is used for this purpose.

To determine the food available in any hex roll the number of d6 indicated below for each hex type.

• Coastal Plain areas are east of a line between the cities of Harrisburg, Baltimore, Washington, Fredricksburg, Richmond, and Petersburg.
• Piedmont area is west of the coastal plain to the first range of small mountains - a SW line from York, PA.
• Foothills are between the piedmont and the first mountain range, and all areas west of the valley. Also all the scattered small mountains should be considered foothills.
• Valley areas are between the first and second range of mountains, not counting the mass near Luray. This is the Shennendoah valley.

III. Miscellaneous

1. If a unit has a chance to see into additional hexes, it is a 50% chance except in wilderness or across rivers with no fords, where there is a 17% chance. Cavalry that are scouting or screening are always spotted by the enemy if the unit scouted is stationary. If moving, a 50% chance to spot cavalry scouts.
   
   
2. When ordered to ravage, roll 2d6 for each brigade in the command. Subtract 4 if green, add two if elite. The result is the food reserve destroyed in that hex. Food reserve can not be less than zero.
   
   
3. Popularity - If the army commander removes a subordinate, the unit commanded by that subordinate will respond in the following way, depending on the popularity of the commander:
   
   Popularity Response
   
   • Poor Unit improves morale by one for one day.
     
   • Good Unit decreases morale by one for one day.
     
   • Exceptional Unit decreases morale by one for three days.
     
   
   
4. Political Clout - If a subordinate of "much" clout and higher rank is not promoted, and one with "poor" clout is, the promotion may be overturned by the government, or some other trouble may result.
   
   

IV. Before the Tactical Battle

1. Move one half distance and form
2. Move one third distance and form
3. Move one quarter distance and form
4. Become lost and move away from the battle
5. Return to the field in 1d6 turns with some excuse
6. Return to the field in 2d6 turns with excuse

V. The Tactical Battle

VI. After the tactical battle

Recovery of Battle Losses


1. Infantry:
   Total separately the number of figures killed, routed, and captured by regiment (or by brigade if many units involved).
   Determine the number that return to the unit using the following:
   
   1. Routers
      Use a base of 70%, and add or subtract the following:
      
      • - 4d6% Unit does not stay on the field the day following.
        
      • + 2d6% Unit on winning side (ignore if a draw).
        
      • + 4d6% Brigade leader is exceptionally popular.
        
      • + 2d6% Brigade leader has good popularity.
        
      • + 2d6% Division leader is exceptionally popular.
        
      Multiply results times number of routers and round down. Result (never more than 100%) is the number who return to the unit the next day. Rest are missing for the campaign
      
   2. Captured
      These are gone unless exchanged. Captured figures must be sent to a depot to be held.
      
      
   3. Casualties
      There are three levels in casualties:
      
      1. Returned immediately
         To determine the number who return the next day to the unit, add or subtract from a base of 50% the following:
         
         • - 2d6% Unit does not stay on the field the day following.
           
         • - 4d6% No ambulance space or friendly town within eight miles.
           
         Multiply results times casualties and round down. Result is the number who return to the unit the next day. The remainder are unfit.
         
      2. Returned later
         To determine the number of unfit that may return to the campaign eventually, add or subtract from a base of 50% the following:
         
         • - 2d6% Unit does not stay on field the day following
           
         • - 2d6% No ambulance space or friendly town within eight miles.
           
         • + 2d6% Controlled town or city within eight miles.
           
         Multiply results times total unfit and round down. The result is the lightly wounded, who are placed in ambulances or sent to hospital.
         Those not so placed are the killed and seriously wounded.
         If facilities (ambulances or towns) are not available, or are over capacity, the lightly wounded become seriously wounded.
         Once the lightly wounded are dropped off in a controlled town or city (hospital), they are returned to the unit at the end of one week.
         
      3. Never Return
         Those figures who do not fall into one of the above categories are the killed and seriously wounded (who are lost for the campaign).
         
         
2. Cavalry
   All routers return the day after combat. Captured are gone for the campaign. Casualties are returned the next day based on the following:
   
   • 60% Unit on victorious side in battle.
     
   • 50% Battle is a draw.
     
   • 40% Unit on loosing side in battle.
     
   
   
3. Artillery crews
   All routed crews are returned the day following the battle. Captured crews are gone for the campaign. Crew casualties are returned as whole crews based on the following:
   
   • 60% Unit stays on field day following battle.
     
   • 40% Unit does not stay on field day following battle.
     
   • Always round down. (There are no unfit artillery crews)
     
   Lost crews can be replaced by subtracting one infantry figure per gun from a unit. Result is a green crew.
   
4. Cannons
   Cannons destroyed or captured by the enemy are lost for the campaign. Cannons that are captured may be used to replace any gun lost by the capturing force. A unit may never have more guns than it began the campaign with. Extra pieces may be transferred to other units or sent to depots for storage.
   If parrott rifles are lost due to dice rolls, roll 1d6 for each gun. If a 3 - 6 is rolled the gun is returned the next day. The remainder are lost for the campaign.
   
5. Leaders
   Seriously wounded officers are rolled for once the battle is over on 4d6. On a 4 - 14 the officer returns in that span of days with benefits intact. On a 20 or more the officer dies. If the officer has not died or recovered in two weeks, roll for him again, adding 14 days to the time of return. Continue this process until the officer dies or returns.
   



1. Morale
   

   • If a unit withdraws from the field after nightfall following a battle it is a voluntary retreat. Roll 1d6 and divide by three for each unit (round down). The result is the number of days (0 - 2) that the unit suffers a "-1" morale detriment for all its components.
     
   • If a unit is routed from the field due to points, or declares a rout, do the following:
     
   • Roll 1d6 for each unit in the force. A 1 - 3 means the unit's morale is decreased by one, a 4 - 6 means the units morale is decreased by two.
     
   • Roll 1d6 for each unit, divide by two (round down) and add one. The result is the number of days (1 - 4) the unit suffers these penalties.
     
   
   

2. Retreat Distances
   

   • If a unit is voluntarily retreating it moves one hex away from the battlefield and immediately goes under the player's control. Afterwards it operates normally.
     
   • If a unit is routed from the field, it moves one full forced march move at night with no March Ability penalties. The next day it does the same. On the second night it moves a full normal move with no March Ability penalties, after which it operates normally.
     
   • If there is not enough room on the road the remaining units form in the hex next to where the battle occurred. If they lose a second time the penalties for loosing are applied a second time as well.
     
   
   

3. Pursuit and Losses to routing forces.
   

   The victorious side in a table battle may order a pursuit. Units so ordered move at normal march speed and are subject to all the normal movement penalties. If they fought in the battle they are not considered to have remained on the field following the battle.
   
   If a force is routed from a battle, roll for straggling as in a normal forced march. If there is pursuit, these will all be captured.
   If pursued by the enemy, each individual train will be lost with the following chances (on 1d6):
   
   • Supply - 1-2
     
   • Ammunition - 1-2
     
   • Ambulances - 1-3 (any wounded will be captured)
     
   If not pursued, each individual train will be lost due to breakdown with the following chances (on 2d6):
   
   • Supply - 2-4
     
   • Ammunition - 2-4
     
   • Ambulances - 2-3
     
   
   When regiments in a brigade are reduced to where combining them into one is possible, this should be done.
   
   

VII. Movement

1. Modifiers:
   
   1. March Ability
      
   2. Weather
      
      • Light Rain - add 1 to March Ability. Second day in a row, add two to March Ability
        
      • Heavy Rain - Add two to March Ability. Fords Impassible.
        
      • Showers - 1d6: 1-2, no effect; 3-4, treat as light rain; 5-6, treat as heavy rain.
        
      • Hot - Second and subsequent days add one to March Ability.
        
      • Any rain for four or more days in a row, treat all movement as night marches, and all fords are impassable. These conditions improve: roads after two days of no rain, fords after three days.
        
   3. Secondary roads - add one to March Ability.
      
   4. Crossing fords - roll March Ability without other modifiers. If fail, subtract four miles from the march.
      
   5. Cross Country - Add two to March Ability roll.
      
   6. Formed Movement - Add two to March Ability roll. Minimum of two miles of travel. If crossing water, roll as a ford.
      
   
   
2. Night Marches
   
   1. May only perform normal march.
      
   2. Maximums of 12 miles on Major roads, 8 miles on secondary roads, and 4 miles otherwise.
      
   3. Add two to Move Ability roll.
      
   4. Movement at night counts as a forced march for tiredness and straggler rolls
      
   
   
3. Straggling due to forced march:
   Stragglers return to their unit the night following the loss unless closely pursued by the enemy, in which case 50% will be captured and 50% will return. Stragglers lost when a unit routs after a battle are all captured if pursued.
   
   1. Infantry and cavalry:
      Roll for each unit on the following table:
      

      Unit Morale	Roll
      Elite	1d6
      Average	2d6
      Green	3d6

      Add or subtract the following to the roll based on the popularity of the highest ranking officer present with the unit:
      
      • Exceptional -6
        
      • Good -4
        
      • Average 0
        
      • Poor +2
        
      Result is the percent loss to the unit each day of forced marching (round down).
      
      
   2. Artillery:
      Roll 1d6 for each gun on the following table:
      

      Unit Morale	Roll
      Elite	1
      Average	2
      Green	3

      If the listed number or less is rolled the gun breaks down and is lost for the day.
      
   3. All stragglers return to the unit the night following the march unless captured.
      
   4. In hot weather add 1d6 to the straggling roll.
      
   5. If entering a battle and the unit has marched over one day in conditions that result in straggling, roll for stragglers the day of the battle, then roll for each day that the unit continuously marched in adverse conditions before the battle. Multiply the result times 50% and treat that number as additional stragglers.
      
   6. These rolls are only necessary if a unit is entering battle.
      
   
   
4. Moving tired
   Units may march continuously for a number of days after which they become fatigued. The ability to march depends on the units morale:
   
   • Green - 5 days
     
   • Average - 6 days
     
   • Elite - 7 days
     
   
   
   1. Tired units may not force march.
      
   2. Tired units suffer the same as stragglers
      
   3. When entering a battle tired, a tired unit's moral is one worse than normal.
      
   4. Tired cavalry loose their scouting modifier and stragglers do not return until the unit has rested.
      
      
   Time required to perform actions
   
   
   1. From a march column to a formation - 4 hours.
      
   2. From some formation to a march column - 4 hours.
      

1. Actions if meet enemy
   First estimate size of enemy unit (see below), then respond on the following tables:
   Use 1d6 on each of the following tables. A roll of the indicated number means that the subordinate will order the action.
   
   Response if enemy Estimated as Larger
   

   Commander	Withdraw	Form	Attack
   Timid	1 - 6	--	--
   Cautious	1 - 5	6	--
   Average	1 - 3	4 - 6	--
   Bold	1 - 2	3 - 5	6
   Dashing	1	2- 4	5 - 6

   
   Response if Enemy Estimated as Equal
   

   Commander	Withdraw	Form	Attack
   Timid	1 - 3	4 - 6	--
   Cautious	1 - 2	3 - 6	--
   Average	1	2 - 5	6
   Bold	1	2 - 4	5 - 6
   Dashing	--	1 - 2	4 - 6

   
   Response if enemy Estimated as Smaller
   

   Commander	Withdraw	Form	Attack
   Timid	1 - 2	3 - 6	--
   Cautious	1	2 - 5	6
   Average	--	1 - 5	6
   Bold	--	1 - 3	4 - 6
   Dashing	--	1	2 - 6

   Modify the above attack rolls by "-2" if the unit to be attacked is in a pass or across a ford. Modify the withdraw roll by "-2" if defending a pass or ford, of if estimated enemy strength is less than 50% of the commander's force size.
   
   
2. Estimating enemy size:
   Roll 2d6 and multiply by 5. This is the percent difference between actual and reported force size. Modify the roll by the following:
   
   • +/-2 If cavalry (make the estimate more accurate)
     
   • +8 If commander Timid
     
   • +4 If commander Cautious
     
   • -2 If Average
     
   • -4 If commander Bold
     
   • -8 If commander Dashing